The reactor core may have a thermal or a fastneutron spectrum, depending on the core design. This concept draws its inspiration from the canadian deuterium candu. The electric power range of interest is 530 mwe with a design point of 20 mwe. The supercritical watercooled reactor scwr is one of the six reactor technologies.
If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. This article presents an innovative, anticorrosive vertical pipeinpipe configuration reactor design, as detailed in fig. Development project of supercriticalwater cooled power. There is considerable interest in both developing and developed countries in the design of innovative water cooled reactors wcrs and, owing to the higher thermal efficiency and significant system simplifications, supercritical water cooled reactors swcrs. This feature also makes the scwr a very attractive concept for. Iv supercritical watercooled nuclear reactor conceptual design. Supercritical water cooled reactor energy education. Besides, supercritical co 2 cycle can solve many nuclear power system issues, such as metalwater reaction in the sodium cooled fast reactor, the harmful effects for material under. This publication is the outcome of an iaea coordinated research project crp on understanding and prediction of thermohydraulic phenomena relevant to supercritical water cooled reactors scwrs. Motivated by the goals of the generationiv international forum gif, a gfr cooled by supercritical carbon dioxide sco2, fueled with light water reactor spent fuel transuranics, and directly coupled with a brayton cycle is under investigation as part of a.
The publication illustrates the state of the art in scwr research and development. Supercritical water reactor fuel qualification test. A boiling water reactor bwr is a type of light water nuclear reactor used for the generation of electrical power. A conceptual design of a directcycle supercritical watercooled reactor with an internal recirculating flow is. The supercritical watercooled reactor scwr is a concept for an advanced reactor that will operate at high pressure 25mpa and high temperature 500c average core exit. Fuel assembly concept of the canadian supercritical water. The light water reactor is a type of thermal neutron reactor that utilizes normal water as opposed to heavy water, a form of water that contains a larger amount of the hydrogen isotope. Motivated by the goals of the generationiv international. Design of supercritical watercooled nuclear reactor vver scp30 generation iv or scwr reactor according to the international classification is based on the following. The canadian scwr core concept, safety systems, and the plant layout are documented in the previous publications 46.
Supercritical water cooled candu reactor concept 3. Scwrs are high temperature, highpressure, lightwatercooled reactors that operate. The pressurevessel design of supercritical water reactors is. This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. Spurred by the renewed interest in nuclear power, gascooled fast reactors gfrs have received increasing attention in the past decade. The canadian supercritical water cooled nuclear reactor scwr is a 2540 mwth channeltype scwr concept that employs 336 fuel channels in the reactor core. The design of the scwr follows a combination of the basic principles of boiling water reactors and supercritical coal plants, both of which have been used extensively and would help to reduce experimental hurdles experienced with new projects. The canadian supercritical reactor see below uses heavy water instead of light water. One visual software named hpower was developed to calculate.
Scwr supercritical water reactor is one of the promising generation iv nuclear systems, which has higher thermal power efficiency than current pressurized water reactor. Overview of supercritical water oxidation technology. In conjunction with a us department of energy grant to the iowa state university, supercritical fluid technologies developed and built a custom supercritical bio reactor designed to produce biofuels. Scwr reactors are very similar to light water reactors, see fig. Rapid and efficient mixing between the supercritical water and waste stream thus maximizing the rate of oxidation in the central region of the reactor, away from the reactor walls. An inclined plugflow reactor design for supercritical. Modelling of a solarpowered supercritical water biomass. A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point. This book is an essential text for researchers in the areas of supercritical water cooled reactor materials and chemistry, working in industry or academia.
Supercriticalwatercooled reactor scwr scwrs are high temperature, highpressure, lightwatercooled reactors that operate above the thermodynamic critical point of water 374c, 22. Modelling of a solarpowered supercritical water biomass gasifier. This paper presents the results of a rigorous modelling exercise to design a solar supercritical water gasification scwg reactor. The fuel pin design is similar to that of a pressurized water reactor pwr, but with higher fill pressure and longer fission gas plenum. Subcriticalsupercritical water systems supercritical. The vessel closure is of the handtight type where no wrenches are needed to make the closure. Science has since shown that there are fifteen 15 states of matter, including super critical. The application of supercritical co2 in nuclear engineering. The fuel pin design is similar to that of a pressurized water reactor. The term critical in this context refers to the critical point of water, and must not be confused with the concept of criticality of the nuclear reactor. Preliminary development of thermal power calculation code. Each fuel channel includes a pressure tube that is submerged in a heavy water moderator and contains a removable fuel assembly. This incredibly precise, hightech application involved a using a supercritical water stream to process a biomassmethanol slurry. The scwr system is primarily designed for efficient electricity production, with the capability for actinide management depending on the core design.
Supercritical water oxidation scwo consists of the homogeneous oxidation above the critical point of water 374. Scoping studies for a power conversion system based on a directcycle supercritical water reactor have been conducted. One of these proposed solutions was the design of the supercritical water cooled reactor. An inclined plugflow reactor design for supercritical water. Watercooled reactors operating at subcritical pressures 7 16 mpa have provided. Accident analysis on supercritical watercooled reactor.
A new design of double wall reactor has been developed in which scwo reaction take place inside an inner tube alumina or titanium, micro porous. Conceptual design of a supercritical watercooled reactor. Canada is developing a supercritical watercooled reactor scwr as part of the generation iv program. Ansys engineering simulation for reactor design including cfd for chemical reactor design, structural and thermal analysis and instrumentation and control software used for design and analysis of chemical reactors enable reaction engineers to answer whatif questions as they design and enhance reactors performance, energy usage, reactor yield. The overall objective of the supercritical water reactor fuel qualification test scwrfqt project is to design, analyse and license a small scale fuel assembly test facility with supercritical water in the research reactor lvr15. There is considerable interest in both developing and developed countries in the design of innovative water cooled reactors wcrs and, owing to the higher thermal efficiency and significant.
The concept of the supercritical water reactor may be based on classical pressure vessel as in commercial pwrs or on pressure tubes as in candu reactors. Supercritical watercooled reactor scwr development through. Supercritical water oxidation scwo is a process that occurs in water at temperatures and pressures above a mixtures thermodynamic critical point. Pdf generation iv supercritical watercooled nuclear reactors. The hprmicro reactor comes standard with an inconel 718 ss reactor vessel, 10, 25, 50 ml in volume, for operation up to 10,000 psi 689 bar 68. The reactor core design concept is illustrated in fig. Supercritical water reactor cycle for medium power applications.
It will also give newcomers to the field a survey of all of the available literature and a clear understanding of how these studies relate to the design of the scwr concept. Supercritical water reactor scwr concept of the scwr. Chal joined intellectual ventures from terrapower, an intellectual ventures spinout promoting nextgeneration nuclear reactor design. This equation states that the time change of the neutron population is equal to the excess of neutron production by fission minus neutron loss by absorption in one mean generation time with delayed neutrons ld. Optimized core design of a supercritical carbon dioxide. A high breeding fast reactor core concept, cooled by supercritical pressure light water has been developed with fullycoupled neutronics and thermalhydraulics core calculations, which takes into account the influence of core pressure loss to the core neutronics characteristics. Such fluids can diffuse through solids like a gas and dissolve materials like a liquid. It is necessary to perform the thermal equilibrium and thermal power calculation for the conceptual design and further monitoring and calibration of the scwr. As such, more competitive designs with higher thermal efficiencies, which will be.
A novel reactor, combining the advantages of the modar reactor, horizontal stirred reactor, dynamic gas seal wall reactor, and cool wall reactor, was designed and manufactured to overcome the problems encountered in continuous supercritical water oxidation of real waste, especially in semisolid state. The supercritical watercooled reactor scwr is 1 of 6 reactor systems selected by the generation iv gen iv international forum gif as the most promising next generation nuclear power. The supercritical water reactor scwr is a concept of generation iv reactor, that is operated. Canadas national program on generation iv energy technologies. Supercritical water reactor scwr inl digital library. The overall design objective is to develop a system that has minimized physical size and performs.
The simplest equation governing the neutron kinetics of the system with delayed neutrons is the point kinetics equation. Supercritical water reactor reference design by westinghouse atomic. Safety analysis of a supercritical water cooled reactor. Understanding and prediction of thermohydraulic phenomena. Supercritical watercooled reactor scwr development. Safety analysis is one of the most important tasks for scwr design. It is the second most common type of electricitygenerating nuclear reactor after the pressurized water reactor pwr, which is also a type of light water nuclear reactor. The supercritical water reactor scwr is a concept generation iv reactor, mostly designed as light water reactor lwr that operates at supercritical pressure i.
Materials and water chemistry for supercritical watercooled. The supercritical water reactor may be operated as a thermal reactor or as a fastneutron reactor, depending on the core design. Subcriticalsupercritical water systems supercritical fluid. A boiling water reactor bwr uses demineralized water as a coolant and neutron moderator. Supercritical water reactor cycle for medium power. This model incorporates a solar receiverreactor operating at conditions of 28 mpa and 873 973 k. Core design of a high breeding fast reactor cooled by supercritical pressure light water. Supercritical water reactor fuel qualification test scwr. Supercritical water oxidation scwo, sometimes referred to as hydrothermal oxidation hto, is a highefficiency, thermal oxidation process capable of treating a wide variety of hazardous and nonhazardous wastes. Scwrs are promising advanced nuclear systems because of their high thermal efficiency i. The scwo reaction takes place at elevated temperatures and pressures above the critical point of water pc 220. Supercritical water oxidation scwo, sometimes referred to as hydrothermal oxidation hto, is a highefficiency, thermal oxidation process capable of treating a wide variety of hazardous and non.
Supercritical water cooled reactor scwr is the only water cooled reactor among six generation iv reactor concepts. Preconceptual designs of three variants of pressure vessel supercritical reactors. Design and fabrication of our patented transpiringwall scwo reactor twr benchscale systems and pilot plants incorporating the transpiringwall reactor. Preliminary development of thermal power calculation code h. Generation iv supercritical watercooled nuclear reactors. This equation states that the time change of the neutron population is equal to the. The supercritical water cooled reactor scwr is one of the six reactor technologies selected for research and development under the generation iv program.
Supercriticalpressure light watercooled reactors scwr are the only water cooled reactor. Core design of a high breeding fast reactor cooled by. Balance of plant design, control and startup brei 50 stability analysis anl 53 containment and safety systems design westinghouse 160 materials survey ornl 50 corrosion testing of candidate materials mit 50 total 438 executive summary supercritical water cooled reactors scwrs are essentially light water reactors lwrs. A formative reactor concept model has been developed. A computational fluid dynamic cfd model of a transpiring wall reactor for supercritical water oxidation has been implemented and solved using the commercial software fluent 6. The corrosion of reactor and salt precipitation are two critical obstacles that inhibiting the development of supercritical water oxidation scwo in to a viable industrial process. Under these conditions water becomes a fluid with unique properties that can be used to advantage in the destruction of hazardous wastes such as pcbs. Gifiv program, supercritical water reactor scwr, prospects for nuclear power. The high coolant temperature as it leaves the reactor core gives the scwr the potential for high thermal efficiency 45%. Besides, supercritical co 2 cycle can solve many nuclear power system issues, such as metal water reaction in the sodium cooled fast reactor, the harmful effects for material under excessive temperature and difficulties for high power compressor manufacturing in the helium cooled reactor. Feasibility study of supercritical light water cooled reactors for.
Branch, and 3 a conceptual design of a supercritical pressure power re actor prepared by. A novel reactor, combining the advantages of the modar reactor, horizontal stirred reactor, dynamic gas seal wall reactor, and cool wall reactor, was designed and manufactured to overcome the problems. Materials and water chemistry for supercritical watercooled reactors is unique in that it brings together materials and water chemistry, their interrelationship, the historical perspective and their application to. The high performance light water reactor is a nuclear reactor concept of the 4th generation which is cooled and moderated with supercritical water. Supercritical watercooled reactor scwr is the only watercooled reactor among six generation iv reactor concepts. Iaeacn1645s06 1 supercritical watercooled reactor scwr development through gif collaboration t. New design of supercritical water oxidation reactor for. The test section is a 4rod fuel assembly located inside an active channel placed in the research reactor. A typical thermal spectrum scwr with passive safety system during design basis accident dba and beyond design basis accident bdba is performed. Ansys engineering simulation for reactor design including cfd for chemical reactor design, structural and thermal analysis and instrumentation and control software used for design and analysis of. Materials and water chemistry for supercritical water. The supercritical watercooled reactor scwr is one of the six reactor technologies selected for research and development under the generation iv program.
The combination of advanced water cooled reactor technology and advanced supercritical fossil technology is expected to result in a reactor concept that can be used to generate baseload electricity very economically and efficiently. Materials selection for the canadian supercritical watercooled. Supercritical watercooled reactor scwr is a generationiv nuclear reactor design that operates on a direct energy conversion cycle above the thermodynamic critical point of water 374 0c and 22. Stability analysis of supercritical water cooled reactors. A 2014 book saw reactor conceptual design of a thermal spectrum reactor super lwr and a fast reactor super. Needless to say, extensive test programs are currently underway to. This concept draws its inspiration from the canadian deuterium candu reactor and uses pressure tubes for each channel and a lowpressure heavy water moderator. The overall objective of the supercritical water reactor fuel qualification test scwrfqt project is to design, analyse and license a small scale fuel assembly test facility with supercritical water in the.
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